山东自学考试-自考英语(一)复习（40）

主要语法：被动语态

英语动词有主动语态和被动语态两种，当主语是动作的发出者，动词用主动语态;当主语时动作的承受者，动词要用被动语态。只有及物动词才有被动语态。

1. 被动语态的构成：

被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成。

如：I clean the window.(主动)

The window is cleaned by me.(被动)

根据时态的不同，被动语态中的be动词可以有各种变化：

时态 主动句 被动句 be 的变化

一般现在时 He cleans the window. The window is cleaned by him. is

一般过去时 He cleaned the window. The window was cleaned by him. was

一般将来时 He will clean the window. The window will be cleaned by him. will be

现在进行时 He is cleaning the window. The window is being cleaned by him. is being

过去进行时 He was cleaning the window. The window was being cleaned by him. was being

现在完成时 He has cleaned the window. The window has been cleaned by him. has been

过去完成时 He had cleaned the window. The window had been cleaned by him. had been

将来完成时 He will have cleaned the window. The window will have been cleaned by him. will have been

进行时较少用被动语态。